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Securing Oil and Gas Assets
Figure 1: Securing Oil and Gas Assets
ensures that they are at their assigned posts based on health, safety
and environment (HSE) rules and mandates.
An Integrated Approach
Historically, physical security solutions have taken a point-solution
approach, where numerous closed-circuit television (CCTV) vendors,
intrusion detection providers and access control manufacturers
provide one-off or stand-alone solutions. While seemingly effective,
these solutions have failed to provide a comprehensive analysis of
physical security.
Based on a network-centric architecture, a C2 centre collects intelligence
and information from various sensors – such as CCTV, radar surveillance,
intrusion detection and access control – and other relevant sources, then
processes and analyses the information to provide increased situational
awareness, allowing the appropriate action to be taken. C2 systems are
based on physical interfaces that use data collected from various sources.
Figure 2: Oil and Gas Assets in Harsh Environments
With this type of architecture, logical and physical system logs can be
aggregated, analysed and correlated, allowing further investigation of
unusual occurrences. Once an incident has been detected, the built-in
workflow engine initiates a pre-defined response plan that drives the
entire situation management process and automatically notifies response
organisations (police, fire, health) and personnel. The automated nature
of the system allows for tasks, notifications and incidents that are not
handled within pre-defined time thresholds to be escalated for an
alternative course of action. Finally, data from all of the sensors, videos
and security devices are stored in a central database to allow for forensics
analysis and incident response review.
The end result is a system that provides automated planned responses
to critical questions:
• What is the incident?
surveillance systems based on seismic and acoustic sensors and long-range • How do we respond to it?
motion detection cameras. These devices detect leakage and ‘approach to • How do we resolve it? and
line’ and are typically placed at pumping, compression and valve stations. • How do we prevent it from happening again?
Fibre optic networks transverse pipelines; using sensors, these networks
can be tapped into to obtain operating status data. In addition, These comprehensive data provide asset managers and platform
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems used to detect operators with crucial information, ensuring an appropriate incident
abnormal operating conditions, such as an unexpected change in pipeline response that provides safety and security to personnel, the platform
flow rate or pressure, are another key aspect of safe pipeline operation. and its assets.
Refineries Case Study
Physical security solutions in refineries are implemented to ensure the An international oil company with assets in various parts of the world
safety of personnel and assets. These solutions range from perimeter began facing significant security challenges. Due to various geopolitical
intrusion detection systems (PIDS) to access control and video scenarios, its assets were repeatedly targeted for malicious attacks and
surveillance monitoring. The systems collectively monitor and manage abuse. The company’s Chief Security Officer had a complex challenge in
people and facilities by authenticating and authorising the access of front of him. He had to anticipate the nature of an attack and when and
individuals, looking for anomalies and deterring possible malicious where it would happen, and provide a timely and appropriate incident
attacks or security breaches. Access control systems, which include response that would mitigate and contain the incident on a global scale.
door controllers, egress motion detectors, keypads, readers, badges,
biometric readers and time and attendance systems, form the barrier The company’s first step towards achieving this was the deployment of an
defence systems that pre-determine when and where an individual appropriately scaled infrastructure of sensors that monitored the assets
can routinely go or not go within the refinery campus. Another based on criticality, threat, vulnerability and other risks associated with
technology gradually being introduced into refinery security is a each. First, it deployed high-resolution CCTV cameras throughout its oil-
combination of radiofrequency identification (RFID) and global producing assets, which included offshore, land-based rigs and
positioning system (GPS) sensor technology; this helps to track people production facilities. The CCTVs that had the ability to link thermal and
and ensure they can be rapidly located in case of a disaster, and also visual images were also rich in features such as electronic image
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EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION – OIL & GAS REVIEW 2008 – VOLUME 6 ISSUE II
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