Mehdizadeh_edit.qxp 28/10/08 1:02 pm Page 45
Securing Oil and Gas Assets
Federal regulations have also been extended to ensure Beyond the borders of the US, the US Trade and Development Agency
pipeline security. Sections 1,557 and 1,558 of the 9/11 Commission (USTDA) has been allocating funds for port security projects around the
Act of 2004 relate to pipeline security and state that pipeline world, aiding in the economic development of US commercial interests in
operators should: developing and middle-income countries.
• establish a programme for reviewing pipeline security information Conclusion
circular recommendations; Energy security continues to be an important topic for national and
• develop and implement a plan for reviewing the pipeline security international oil companies as they continue to assess and mitigate the
plans and inspecting the critical facilities of the 100 most critical various vulnerabilities they are faced with in their up- and down-
pipeline operators; stream environments. To manage energy security, total situational
• develop and transmit pipeline security recommendations for natural awareness is necessary because it promptly detects potential incidents
gas and hazardous liquid pipelines and facilities; and deters and defuses them with minimal impact to assets and
• if appropriate, promulgate regulations and carry out necessary people. Moving forward, it is essential to employ a fully integrated
inspection and enforcement actions; and network-centric C2 centre to aggregate information from various
• develop a pipeline security and incident recovery plan. sensors that can analyse and correlate the data. When deploying such
solutions, many factors need to be considered: everything from the
To help ensure effective security at high-risk chemical facilities, the convergence of logical and physical security to international issues
Department of Homeland Security issued the Chemical Facility Anti- dealing with export, support and maintenance. In closing, a key
Terrorism Standards (CFATS). Facilities are required to conduct consideration is that technology should never be substituted for
security vulnerability assessments and then develop and implement proper personnel training, security operational procedures and
site security plans with appropriate security measures. documented/automated incident response plans. ■
Bibliography at:
www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2008/Feb/furthnerFeb08.asp (accessed July 2008).
• US Department of Homeland Security, Inspections and (accessed February 2008). • Maritime Security Regulations:
www.ferc.gov/industries/lng/
Surveillance Technologies. Available at:
www.cbp.gov/xp/ • Bajpai S, Gupta JP, Securing oil and gas infrastructure. safety/marit-securregs (accessed June 2008).
cgov/newsroom/fact_sheets/port_security/fact_sheet_cbp_ Available at:
www.sciencedirect.com (accessed August 2006). • CFATS:
www.dhs.gov/xprevprot/programs/
securing.xml (accessed July 2008). • Command and control:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_ gc_1177001576714.shtm (accessed July 2008).
• Steinhausler F, Furthner P, Heidegger W, et al., Security Risks and_control_(military) (accessed July 2008).
to the Oil and Gas Industry: Terrorist Capabilities. Available • Pipeline Security Regulations:
fas.org/sgp/crs/RL31990.pdf
WAVE RADARS OIL SPILL DETECTION
DIRECTIONAL WAVE AND CURRENT MONITORING
SM-050 WAVE AND CURRENT RADAR
Microwave Doppler Radar of High Accuracy.
OIL SPILL DETECTION BY MARINE X-BAND RADARS, A NEW SYSTEM BASED
WAVEX
ON PROCESSING OF DIGITIZED RADAR IMAGES
Wave and Current Extractor for Marine Radars. Type approved by DNV.
DIRECTIONAL WAVE AND CURRENT RADARS ARE WELL SUITED FOR:
MAIN FEATURES:
” Offshore structures and vessels.
” Early detection of oil spills.
” Catamarans and high speed vessels.
” Enables 24 hours a day skimmer operations.
” Naval and merchant vessels.
” Prediction of oil spill drift.
” Research and service vessels.
” Flexible user interface.
” Shore installations for ports and coastal stations.
” Add-on to the WAVEX system, providing additional sea state information.
NON-DIRECTIONAL WAVE MONITORING, AIR GAP AND TIDE GAUGE AREAS OF USE:
SM-048 ALTIMETER AND SM-094 RANGE FINDER,
” Stand-by and oil recovery vessels participating in oil spill clean up operations.
High Performance Microwave Sensors. ” Coast guard vessels for oil spill monitoring.
NON-DIRECTIONAL MIROS RANGE FINDERS FEATURE:
” Oils rigs, FPSOs and tankers for oil spill monitoring.
”
” Oil terminals and refineries for oil spill monitoring in the terminal area.
Wave profile and air gap from vessels and offshore structures.
” Sea level and tide measurements, water level in ports and canals etc.
Developed in cooperation with NOFO –
” Bridge clearance monitoring.
Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies
” 10, 20, 50 and 85 meter range.
” No influence by fog, rain or water spray.
Solbråveien 32, P.O. Box 364, NO-1372 Asker, Norway
Tel: (+47) 66 98 75 00, Fax: (+47) 66 90 41 70
E-mail:
office@miros.no, Web site:
www.miros.no
6.5 FEET WAVEX ANTENNA SM-094 RANGE FINDER SM-050 WAVE RADAR
- measuring the ocean surface
M-2007-05-06.1.5_W189-H125.5
AICS3.ai
Size: 1/2 page, 198 x 125.5 mm.
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