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Materials Selection in the Oilsands Industry Based on Materials Degradation Mechanisms
Figure 1: Schematic Representation of the Oilsands Figure 2: Definition of the Different Degradation Regimes,
Extraction Process and Some of the Materials Degradation Focusing on Pure Mechanical and Electrochemical Degradation
Mechanisms That Take Place Processes and Their Combined Effects
Solid 100wt% ~55wt% No solids
Mining operation
Abrasive wear
Gouging
Mining operations Slurry hydrotransport Upgrading
Impact and ploughing
Erosion–corrosion
Susceptible to corrosion
Crushing process
Pipeline
Susceptible to abrasion–corrosion
Gouging
Tailings pipelines
High-stress abrasion
Erosion Erosion–corrosion
Ploughing and cutting
Froth to Corrosion
Hot water to
treatment
Abrasion Abrasion–corrosion
create slurry
Tailings to
Pure mechanical Pure electrochemical
ponds
degradation degradation
Slurry hydrotransport
Corrosive species
(conditioning pipeline)
Water in the oilsands 55
o
C water, Cl
-
, O
2
, Ca
+
Water, hydrocarbons
Low-stress abrasion
Erosion–corrosion
Corrosion and erosion–corrosion
MIC
of pipelines and pumps
Sliding-bed abrasion
Sliding-bed abrasion
are mainly composed of 55wt% sand mixed with recycling water at
55–65°C; small levels of Cl
-
can also be present. The oxygen
MIC = microbiologically influenced corrosion.
concentration varies along the pipeline, and is usually higher near the
than one degradation mode, the selection of the materials is based centrifugal pumps due to the flow turbulence.
3
Sliding abrasion,
on the most severe wear process, but indentifying whether erosion or microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), low-stress abrasion,
corrosion is the most severe wear process is not an easy task.
3
During corrosion and erosion–corrosion are some of the wear mechanisms
the hydrotransport process, the slurry is conditioned and sent to experienced in the pumping and piping of the tailings waters.
3
separation vessels, where the bitumen is recovered by adding
naphtha solvents and using inclined plate settlers and centrifuges.
3
When centrifugal pumps move highly concentrated slurry, abrasion–
The residues of the bitumen recovery process (sand, heavy metals corrosion and ploughing affect the casing walls. Abrasion is a low-
waste and water) are pumped to the tailings ponds. Tailings waters angle erosion process and ductile materials such as carbon and
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