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Materials Selection in the Oilsands Industry Based on Materials Degradation Mechanisms
gravity can be drastically increased on the inner surface of the effects of the solid particles.
25
If the material surface is impacted at
elbows due to the centrifugal acceleration caused by its curvature.
13
mixed angles, which is the case in some zones of the centrifugal pumps
and pipelines, the presence of small dissolved WC phases in the matrix
Metal Matrix Composites as Alternative Materials improves the erosion behaviour of the MMCs.
25
The corrosion
New WC-MMCs are being developed and tested by Syncrude Ltd and the resistance of the MMCs can be improved by using different binder
University of Leeds under severe corrosion and erosion–corrosion materials such as Ni-based alloys, stainless steel and cobalt alloys.
environments; they represent potential alternatives that could significantly
reduce costly material wastage.
2,6,7
The MMCs can be designed according Conclusion
to the erosion conditions or the corrosivity of the slurry or the tailings. Materials and equipment in the oilsands industry are subjected to
severe wear conditions, and the development of a materials selection
A recent study showed that the WC volume fraction should be kept methodology is crucial to reduce equipment and materials failure,
below 50% in cases where solid particles impact at normal or high avoid production stops and eliminate plant accidents. One way to
angles so that the ductile matrix can absorb the impact energy and achieve this is by understanding degradation mechanisms, establishing
protect the hard phase from brittle fracture.
25
In contrast, if the erosion ideal process parameters and developing and applying new hardfacing
process takes place at oblique angles, the WC volume fraction should materials. It was shown that MMCs are good candidates to improve
be higher than 50%, as the good hardness and abrasive wear the service life of the materials, tools and equipment used during the
resistance of WC will be able to withstand the strikes and scratching mining and hydrotransport processes in the oilsands industry. ■
1. Canada’s Oil Sands: Available at: www.neb.gc.ca/clf- 9. Neville A, Reza F, Chiovelli S, Revega T, Wear, 18. Sapate SG, Rama Rao AV, Wear, 2004;256(7–8):
nsi/rnrgynfmtn/nrgyrprt/lsnd/lsndsspplymrkt20152000-eng.pdf 2005;259(1–6):181–95. 774–86.
2. Flores JF, AN, Kapur N, Gnanavelu A, Conference 10. Anderson M, Llewellyn R, ASM International, US, 2003. 19. Harper D, MG, Hart KWD, Anderson M, Available at:
proceedings, Corrosion 2008. New Orleans, US: NACE. 11. Bhushan B, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1991. www.castolin.com/wCastolin_com/pdf/publications/PTAW.pdf
3. Reza F, Herriot-Watt University, 2005. 12. McColl D, Masri M, Exploration & Production, Oil & Gas Review, 20. Lu B, Luo J, Chiovelli S, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions
4. Bhushan B, Mechanics and Materials Science Series, Vol. II, 2008;6(2):30–34. A, 2005;37(10).
2001, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001. 13. Wilson KC, Sellgren A, Clift R, Springer, 2006;249–85. 21. Neville A, Reza F, Chiovelli S, Revega T, Metallurgical and
5. Khan A, Reid D, Materials for resources recovery and transport, 14. Jacobs BEA, Elsevier Science, 1998. Materials Transactions A, 2006;37:2339–47.
Alberta, Canada, 1998. 15. Stansbury EE, RAB,Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 22. Souza VAD, Neville A, Wear, 2005;259(1–6):171–80.
6. Flores JF, AN, Kapur N, Gnanavelu A, Wear, 2009; in press. 2004. 23. Souza VAD, Neville A, Wear, 2007;263(1–6):339–46.
7. Flores JF, AN, Kapur N, Gnanavelu A, Wear, 2009; in press. 16. Neville A, Hodgkiess T, Wear, 1999;233–35:596–607. 24. Souza VAD, Neville A, Materials Science and Engineering A,
8. Neville A, Reza F, Chiovelli S, Revega T, Corrosion, 17. Flores JF, AN, Kapur N, Gnanavelu A, International Corrosion 2003;352:202–11.
2006;62(8):657–75. Conference, Las Vegas, NV, US, 2008. 25. Kulu P, Advanced Engineering Materials, 2002;4(6):392–7.
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