Petterson_cut.qxp 27/3/09 02:24 Page 57
Offshore Crane-lifts in Life-cycle Assessment
framework exist for respiratory effects (particulate emissions and increased by the new solution, as the manufacture and use of the
polyaromatic hydrocarbons [PAH]), carcinogenic substances and pneumatic system increase emissions to the environment.
substances with non-carcinogenic toxicity. Results from a
comparison of the two alternatives in the overall systems perspective Other Important Issues
of LCA are presented in Figure 3.
6
There are interesting studies that show patterns in the timing of
accidents offshore. The time into work-shift and days into offshore
The comparison allows two conclusions to be drawn. The first tour clearly influence the probability of accidents.
7
These issues are
concerns the significance of crane-lift accidents, which dominate the not handled here, but would be important aspects to consider for
other health impacts from crane-lifts. The second conclusion is that operators that wish to increase safety on rigs offshore. Wave height
the pneumatic system offers a better option in terms of overall will become a significant challenge as oil and gas operations move
health burden, although it requires more fuel to operate. northwards, for instance into the Barents Sea in the Arctic. Harsher
wave and weather conditions will increase the risk of crane-lift
Trading Off Emissions for Safety accidents during internal lifts and when loading containers onto a
The LCA approach allows the health impact of accident risk to be supply vessel. How the distribution of injuries from accidents will be
added to the health impact of emissions. Generally, most safety affected is uncertain. ■
measures involve physical measures or the use of more energy, in
fact a trading of emissions with increased safety. In this article we The findings presented here are based on evaluations of environmental
have demonstrated this for one type of accident source: the use of and health implications of offshore drilling technologies, originally
cranes to move goods internally on rigs and onto/off supply vessels. published in Pettersen’s PhD thesis: ‘Overall Evaluation of Offshore
Results from LCA support the pneumatic system as a way to reduce Drilling Fluid Technology’. Interested readers can find the complete
the net health impact. However, environmental implications are thesis at: urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1828
1. Both Petroleum Safety Authority Norway and the UK Health and 4. Forbes M, A study of accident patterns in offshore drillers in the 96507, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005.
Safety Executive have programmes that focus specifically on North Sea, Dissertation prepared for the diploma of membership 6. This consideration takes into account the offshore situation with
offshore lift operations. of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine, Royal College of respect only to the parts of the emissions reaching populations
2. UK HS&E, Accident statistics for floating offshore units on the Physicians, London, 1997. onshore, and the low population density in the northern areas
UK Continental Shelf 1980–2005, RR567, 2007. 5. The cuttings blower pump. See Paulsen JE, et al., Exploration of Norway.
3. See more on the WHO website on the global burden of disease: drilling in the Barents Sea; prevailing zero discharge regime, 7. UK HS&E, Injuries on offshore oil and gas installations: an analysis
www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/ challenges and learning from recent exploration drilling, SPE of temporal and occupational factors, OTO-1999:097, 2000.
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300ft Offshore Crane
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