Velichkina.qxp 1/7/09 3:19 pm Page 46
Catalytic Activity in the Conversion of Platinum, Nickel, Iron and Zinc Nanoparticles in Hydrocarbon Systems
Figure 1: Effect of the Reaction Temperature on Yield (A), Octane Number (B), Isoalkane Content (C) and Arene Content (D) of Gasoline Produced in
Upgrading the Petroleum Straight-run Gasoline Fraction over Platinum-, Nickel-, Iron- and Zinc-containing High-silica Zeolite Catalysts
A 92 B
97
Pt/ZSM-5
Pt/ZSM-5
Ni/ZSM-5
88
Ni/ZSM-5
Fe/ZSM-5
95
Zn/ZSM-5 Fe/ZSM-5
84
Zn/ZSM-5
93
80
76 91
Y
ield (%)
72
Octane number
89
68
87
64
60
85
300 340 360 380 300 340 360 380
Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C)
C 40 D 65
Pt/ZSM-5
Pt/ZSM-5
Ni/ZSM-5
Ni/ZSM-5
Fe/ZSM-5
60
Zn/ZSM-5 Fe/ZSM-5
37
Zn/ZSM-5
55
32 50
Y
ield (%)
Y
ield (%)
45
27
40
22 35
300 340 360 380 300 340 360 380
Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C)
Figure 1A). The octane number of the produced gasoline (see Figure reaction temperature. This effect is the most pronounced for the
1B) increases, mainly owing to an increase in the proportion of Pt/zeolite catalyst, on which the isoalkane yield decreases from 39.0
aromatic hydrocarbons (see Figure 1D). to 23.7wt% when the temperature increases from 300 to 380°C.
The maximal yield of aromatic hydrocarbons at the initial
The maximum and minimum yields of the liquid products in the temperature of the process is typical of the catalytic products
examined temperature range were obtained on the Pt- and Fe- obtained on the Fe/zeolite sample. The aromatisation activity of the
containing high-silica zeolites, respectively (see Figure 1A). A Fe-containing zeolite increases only slightly with an increasing
characteristic feature of the Fe/zeolite catalyst is a significant reaction temperature. The arene concentration in the gasolines
decrease in the yield of the liquid products at temperatures above obtained on other catalysts increases almost proportionally to the
340°C. The gasoline yield curves for the Pt- and Zn-containing reaction temperature.
zeolite samples are almost identical in shape and are nearly parallel
in the plot. In general, the data presented in Figures 1A–D show that the nature
and the state of the modifying metal play an important role in the
Figure 1B shows the dependence of the ON of the gasoline obtained upgrading of the straight-run gasoline fraction. The state of the
on the metal-containing zeolites on the temperature of the process. metal-containing active sites of high-silica zeolite undergoes the most
The products obtained over the Fe/zeolite catalyst had the highest ONs drastic changes in the Fe-containing zeolite, whose catalytic effect
over the entire temperature interval except 380°C. The maximal differs from the behaviour of zeolites containing other modifying
ONs obtained at the final process temperature were shown by the metals. For example, at an initial processing temperature of 300°C,
gasoline produced on the Pt-containing sample. gasoline with an ON above 90 is obtained only on the Fe/zeolite
sample (yield 82%). This gasoline contains a high amount of aromatic
The concentrations of isoalkanes and arenes – the primary classes of hydrocarbons. The yield of gasoline obtained at 300°C on Pt-, Ni- and
high-octane hydrocarbons – in the products are given in Figures 1C Zn-modified zeolite is 10% higher, but this gasoline contains a lower
and 1D. The yield of isoalkanes at a temperature of 300°C was amount of aromatic hydrocarbons than the gasoline obtained on the
maximal on the Ni-containing high-silica zeolite and minimal on the Fe/zeolite catalyst. An increase in the processing temperature has
Zn-containing zeolite (see Figure 1B). The isomerising activity of all almost no effect on the hydrocarbon composition of gasolines
metal-containing zeolite catalysts decreases with an increase in the obtained on zeolite catalysts modified by various metals. For example,
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HYDROCARBON WORLD VOLUME 4 ISSUE 1
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