Tan.qxp 1/7/09 4:09 pm Page 77
Techno-economic Comparison of Gas-to-liquids with Liquefied Natural Gas
Meanwhile, the profitability of both LNG and GTL facilities is highly Summary and Perspective
dependent on the scale: the bigger the scale, the greater the profit. With recent developments and evidence of commercial feasibility,
Conoco analysed the relationship between capital cost and GTL GTL is becoming an attractive alternative to LNG for monetising
facility scale: for a facility of 0.5Mt/a the unit investment is stranded natural gas reserves. LNG has the advantage of having
US$27.0x10
4
/(m
3
/d); for a facility of 2.5Mt/a the unit investment been developed for the past 40 years, although the potential market
is US$15.1x10
4
/(m
3
/d); and for a facility of 5.0Mt/a the unit for high-quality GTL products is more certain than that for LNG. Due
investment is US$12.6x10
4
/(m
3
/d).
16
In order to utilise small natural to the similar economic performance of both GTL and LNG, the
gas reserves, several companies such as Syntroleum and ExxonMobil decision to invest in one or the other can be challenging, and factors
have developed small-scale GTL technology that requires relatively other than capital investment and profitanility – such as
smaller capital investment. Therefore, GTL production is more technological risks, plant availability, the local market, overall
flexible and more suitable for monetising small stranded natural gas company strategy and political considerations – could play a pivotal
reserves. Moreover, technical developments in GTL are expected to role in decision-making. However, the relationship between LNG and
occur faster than those in LNG, and it is likely that we will see a GTL is not limited to competition; the global natural gas industry is
continuous and rapid drop in the overall capital cost of GTL in the considering coupling GTL with LNG facilities to gain better efficiency
near future.
10,11
and a higher rate of utilisation. ■
1. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2003, London, England: 2008;5:388–94. production facilities or LNG liquefaction plants, Presented
BP, June 2003. 7. Heng H C, Idrus, S, The future of gas to liquids as a gas at World Natural Gas Market and Trade (EMF-23), Berlin
2. Oilfield Review, Autum 2003. Available at: monetisation option, J Nat Gas Chem, 2004;13:63–70. Meeting, June 2006.
www.oilfieldReview/ors03/auto03/p32_37.pdf 8. Bakkerud PK, Update on synthesis gas production for GTL, 13. Chen Z, 17th World Petroleum Congress’ view on natural
3. Yang G, Wang X, Liquefaction Technology of Natural Gas, Catal Today, 2005;106:30–33. gas development and utilization, Petroleum Processing and
Natural Gas and Oil, 2005;23(2):10–16. 9. Sie ST, Process development and scale up: Case history of Petrochemicals, 2003;34(4):1–6.
4. Michot Foss M, Introduction to LNG: an overview on the developemt of a Fischer-Topsch synthesis process, Rev 14. Rahman OAR, Gas to Liquid (GTL): is it an attractive route
liquefied natural gas (LNG), its properties, organization of Chem Eng, 1998;14:109–57. for gas monetization: GTL vs. LNG economics, Eyptoil-gas,
the LNG industry and safety considerations. Available at: 10. Smith RM, New Developments in Gas to Liquids January, 2008. Available at:
www.egyptoil-gas.com
www.beg.texas.edu/energyecon/lng Technology, Presented at CERI 2004 Petrochemical 15. Qian B, Zhu J, Status and Development Trend of Natural
5. Fleisch TH, Sills RA, Briscoe MD, Emergence of the Gas-to- Conference, Delta Lodge, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada. Gas Compound, Natural Gas and Oil, 2007;25(4):23–8.
Liquids Industry: a Review of Global GTL developments, 11. Patel B, Gas Monetisation: A Techno-Economic comparison 16. Cai X, The study on the trend of international GTL
J Nat Gas Chem, 2002;11:1–14. of Gas-to liquids and LNG, 7th World Congress of Chemical technology, Oil Market Weekly Report, 2008;04.
6. Dong L, Wei S, Tan S, Zhang H, GTL or LNG: which is the Engineering, Glasgow, 2005.
best way to monetize “stranded” natural gas?, Pet Sci, 12. Pyrdol J, Baron B, What is more profitable to build: GTL
Choose HEROSE, for Quality and Peace of Mind
Fire & Ice at HEROSE
Fire-Safe approved Cryogenic Globe Valves for LNG service
g5ag4cg57g4bg03g44g53g53g55g52g59g44g4fg03g4cg51g03g44g46g46g52g55g47g44g51g46g48g03g5ag4cg57g4bg03g28g31g03g14g15g18g19g1ag1dg03g15g13g13g13g03g4cg51g46g4fg11g03gbfg55g48g10g56g44g49g48g03g44g53g53g55g52g59g44g4f
g4cg51g03g44g46g46g52g55g47g44g51g46g48g03g5ag4cg57g4bg03g28g31g03g2cg36g32g03g14g13g17g1cg1ag1dg03g15g13g13g17
HEROSE’s worldwide proven stainless steel cryogenic globe valve
g56g48g55g4cg48g56g03g50g48g48g57g56g03g37g68g39g03g46g48g55g57g4cgbfg46g44g57g4cg52g51g03g44g46g46g52g55g47g4cg51g4ag03g57g52g03g28g31g14g15g18g19g1ag11g03g37g4bg4cg56g03g56g57g44g51g47g44g55g47g03g4cg56g03g44g03
g56g53g48g46g4cgbfg46g44g57g4cg52g51g03g49g52g55g03g56g58g4cg57g44g45g4cg4fg4cg57g5cg03g44g51g47g03g44g53g53g55g52g53g55g4cg44g57g48g03g59g48g55g4cgbfg46g44g57g4cg52g51g03g57g48g56g57g56g03g52g49g03g4cg56g52g4fg44g57g4cg52g51g03
g59g44g4fg59g48g56g03g49g52g55g03g2fg31g2ag03g44g53g53g4fg4cg46g44g57g4cg52g51g56g11g03g2cg51g03g44g47g47g4cg57g4cg52g51g03g57g52g03g57g4bg4cg56g03g2bg48g55g52g56g48g03g49g52g46g58g56g48g47g03g4cg57gb6g56g03g51g48g5ag03
g47g48g56g4cg4ag51g03g52g49g03g57g4bg48g03gbfg55g48g03g55g48g56g4cg56g57g44g51g46g48g03g44g46g46g52g55g47g4cg51g4ag03g57g52g03g28g31g03g2cg36g32g03g14g13g17g1cg1ag0fg03g5ag4bg4cg46g4bg03g46g58g56g57g52-
HEROSE GMBH
g50g48g55g56g03g46g44g51g03g55g48g54g58g48g56g57g03g44g47g47g4cg57g4cg52g51g44g4fg4fg5cg11g03g31g52g5ag03g50g44g51g58g44g4fg0fg03g48g50g48g55g4ag48g51g46g5cg03g56g4bg58g57g03g47g52g5ag51g03g44g51g47g03
ARMATUREN UND METALLE
gc0g52g5ag03g46g52g51g57g55g52g4fg03g4ag4fg52g45g48g03g59g44g4fg59g48g56g03g44g55g48g03g44g59g44g4cg4fg44g45g4fg48g03g5ag4cg57g4bg03g45g58g57g57g03g5ag48g4fg47g03g0bg25g3ag0cg0fg03g56g52g46g4eg48g57g03g5ag48g4fg47g03
g15g16g1bg17g16g03g25g44g47g03g32g4fg47g48g56g4fg52g48
g0bg36g3ag0cg03g44g51g47g03gc0g44g51g4ag48g47g03g46g52g51g51g48g46g57g4cg52g51g56g03g4cg51g03g56g4cg5dg48g56g03g49g55g52g50g03geegb4g03g0bg27g31g14g13g0cg03g57g52g03g19gb4g03g0bg27g31g14g18g13g0cg11
g2ag48g55g50g44g51g5c
g37g4bg48g03g2bg28g35g32g36g28g03g55g44g51g4ag48g03g4cg56g03g44g53g53g55g52g59g48g47g03g44g46g46g52g55g47g4cg51g4ag03g57g52g03g28g31g03g14g15g18g19g1ag1dg03g15g13g13g13g03gb1g03g2ag4fg52g45g48g03
g37g48g4fg48g53g4bg52g51g48g1dg0eg17g1cg03g0bg13g0cg03g17g18g16g14g10g18g13g1cg10g13
g39g44g4fg59g48g56g03g49g52g55g03g2fg31g2ag03g5ag4bg4cg46g4bg03g4cg51g46g4fg58g47g48g56g03gbfg55g48g10g56g44g49g48g03g46g48g55g57gbfg46g44g57g4cg52g51g03g4cg51g03g44g46g46g52g55g47g44g51g46g48g03g5ag4cg57g4bg03
g29g44g5bg1d g03g03g03g03g0eg17g1cg03g0bg13g0cg03g17g18g16g14g10g18g13g1cg03g14g15g13g03
g28g31g03g2cg36g32g03g14g13g17g1cg1ag1dg03g15g13g13g17g11
We'll be glad to give you additional information!
g4cg51g49g52g23g4bg48g55g52g56g48g11g47g48
www.herose.de
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108