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Nuclear Engineering Education in Brazil – Inventory and Outlook
Table 4: Profile of Graduate Studies in Nuclear Engineering
to produce the same end product. Due to this endogamy, it is
in Brazil (2007)
expected that the quality of the academic output may be dated in the
long run.
15
Hence, there is enormous potential benefit from
Programme Attached Degree Since Concept
a
Institute, University, to CNEN (Min 1,
information sharing under national and international co-operation in
City, Region Max* 5 or 7)
nuclear engineering education.
PCTN-DEN/UFMG,
1
No MSc 1968 4
Belo Horizonte, SE DSc 2006 4
PEN-COPPE/UFRJ,
1
No MSc 1968 5
European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN)
16
and Asian Network
Rio de Janeiro, SE DSc 1979 5
for Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT)
11
are two fresh and
IME, Rio de
1
No MSc 1969 3
successful examples of how a nuclear knowledge network can assist
Janeiro, SE
IPEN-CNEN/USP,
1
Yes DSc 1976 6
human resources development, improving research and training.
São Paulo, SE MSc 1976 6
PROTEN/UFPE,
1
No MSc 1977 5
ENEN manages the European MSc in Nuclear Engineering (EMSNE; see
Recife, NE DSc 1997 5
CDTN-CNEN,
1
Yes MSc 2003 4
Table 7) – students register in one ENEN-accredited home institution
Belo Horizonte, SE and acquire the required credits in ENEN institutions of their choice.
IEN-CNEN, Rio de
1
Yes
2
MSc 2004 3
The home institution grants the formal degree of MSc in Nuclear
Janeiro, SE
Engineering based on the formal recognition of credits. On behalf of its
1. Programme partially supported by CNEN, CNPq, CAPES via undergraduate or/and graduate scholarships.
2. Professional Master of Science (emphasis on reactor operation). It is expected to be transformed into an
members, ENEN grants the quality label European MSc in Nuclear
Academic Master of Science in 2010. a. Last evaluation released in 2007 by CAPES concerning the activities
Engineering if at least one semester equivalent (which may include
from the period 2004–2006.
8
CNEN = Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission; CNPq= National Council for
Research; CAPES = Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
laboratory work or thesis) has been carried out at an ENEN member
*CAPES Scale: programme offering only MSc may reach 5; programme offering both MSc and DSc may
institution other than the home institution.
17
reach a maximum of 7.
Table 5: Total Enrolment and Degrees Awarded by All Nuclear
In the case of ANENT, the framework is composed of diverse nations
Engineering Graduate Programmes in Brazil (2001–2003) (from Asia and Oceania) with different nuclear histories
and profiles: some countries have developed nuclear power
Students starting/pursuing MSc 1,026
Students starting/pursuing DSc 792
programmes (Japan, Republic of Korea, China, India and Pakistan);
MSc awarded 246 some have plans to develop NPPs (Vietnam and Indonesia); and some
DSc awarded 121
countries use nuclear technology for non-power purposes (Australia
Source: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), 2004.
9
and Sri Lanka).
11
Table 6: Published Papers by All Nuclear Engineering Graduate
ANENT and ENEN
11,16
have many objectives in common, including:
Programmes in Brazil (2001–2003)
Papers in international peer-reviewed journals 546
• educating students to become analytical, resourceful and inventive
Papers in national peer-reviewed journals 226
nuclear engineers by combining the state-of-the-art know-how of
Papers in international scientific annals 553
Papers in national scientific annals 579
the participating universities;
Source: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), 2004.
9
• developing a common safety culture throughout the continent
(Europe or Asia); and
Figure 2: CNPq investments in Nuclear Engineering Training and
• developing an international network of nuclear engineers and
Education – Scholarships and Apprenticeships (2001–2004)
10
scientists by participation of students of different nationalities, by
contact and collaboration with local students and by education in
4,500
several countries with different educational views, different nuclear
4,000 reactor concepts and technologies and different nuclear policies.
3,500
Total (scholarships
and apprenticeships)
3,000
from CNPq in nuclear
Similarly, the British Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
2,500
education
(EPSRC) is investing in research and training in the nuclear sector.
2,000
Nuclear
1,500 engineering
The EPSRC is the main UK government agency for funding research and
1,000
scholarships training in engineering and the physical sciences.
500 PCI/MCT-CNEN
0
apprenticeships
The EPSRC has taken part in the Nuclear Technology Education
2001 2002 2003 2004
Consortium to provide masters-level and professional development
training for the nuclear industries. The consortium brings together
inadequacy). In Brazil, the level of research funding, the number of private (industrial) partners and academia: Imperial College London,
graduate programmes and the number of students involved in nuclear the University of Manchester, Cardiff University, the University of
engineering and the publicatin of research has grown in the last decade Sheffield, the University of Bristol, the University of Leeds and the
(see Tables 4–6 and Figure 2). Open University.
14
Networking – An Outlook for Nuclear Education Recommendations
In every knowledge domain, there is a common sense: the same body The creation of a Brazilian (or even a South/Latin American) structure
of researchers and students taught by the same academic staff is likely such as ENEN/EMSNE, ANENT or the UK Nuclear Technology Education
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MODERN ENERGY REVIEW VOLUME 1