Exploration & Production: Oil and Gas Review

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Unconventional Fractional Flow Curves for Mechanistic Foam Flow Modelling and Simulation
Figure 1: Typical Fractional Flow Curves for Gas–Water Two-phase Flow
A B
1 1
I
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
ater fractional flow ater fractional flow
W
0.3 0.3
K
W
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
J
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Water saturation Water saturation
MRF = 10 MRF = 100 MRF = 1,000 MRF = 10,000
A. No-foam fractional flow curve; B. Foam fractional flow curves with different mobility reduction factors. MRF = mobility reduction factor; I = initial; J = injection; K = tangent-line construction.
Figure 2: Demonstration of Velocity-dependent Foam Fractional Flow Curve
A u
t
= 3.7x10
-5
m/s B u
t
= 4.2x10
-5
m/s
1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
ater fractional flow
0.3
ater fractional flow
W W
0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Water saturation Water saturation
C
u
t
= 4.6x10
-5
m/s
D
u
t
= 7x10
-5
m/s
1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
ater fractional flow ater fractional flow
W
0.3
W
0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Water saturation Water saturation
u
t
= total injection velocity.
provide more reliable physical solutions based on the true densely populated, leading to high foam texture (i.e. a large number of
representation of foam mechanisms.
8
liquid films present in unit volume). Strong foam can reduce the mobility
of the gas phase by a few orders of magnitude by increasing foam
Depending on the rate of lamella creation and the rate of lamella viscosity and reducing gas relative permeability. Weak foam is referred to
coalescence, which determine how rapidly foam films are generated and as a state in which foam films are sparsely populated, leading to low
destructed in porous media, foam can exhibit two states: so-called strong foam texture. The reduction in gas mobility also occurs with weak foam,
foam and weak foam. Foam is classified as strong foam if foam films are but is not nearly as significant as that with strong foam. An ‘intermediate’
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION – VOLUME 7 ISSUE 2
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