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Sustainable Technology Transfer Under the Umbrella of the Clean Development Mechanism
Table 1: Nature of Technology Transfer
Country Total Number of Projects Number of CDM Projects Involving TT TT (%)
Equipment Transfer Knowledge Transfer Equipment and
Knowledge Transfer
China 301 12 18 90 40
Thailand 10 0 7 1 80
Total 311 12 25 91 41
Table 2: Technology Transfer by Project Type
Technology Type Number of Projects Number of Projects TT (%) Probability of Involving TT
Involving TT
China
Afforestation 1 0 0 0.29
Biomass energy 11 5 45 0.49
Coalbed/mine methane 11 6 55 0.41
ENEF own generation 33 15 45 0.34
Fossil fuel switch 9 9 100 0.75
HFCs 10 9 90 0.94
Hydro 121 0 0 0.01
Landfill gas 1 0 0 0.29
Methane avoidance 13 11 85 0.81
N
2
O1817 940.94
Wind 73 48 66 0.54
Total for China 301 120 400.53
Thailand
Biomass energy 5 4 80 0.85
Landfill gas 1 1 100 0.75
Methane avoidance 4 3 75 0.71
Total for Thailand 10 8 800.77
Total for Asia-Pacific 311 128 41 0.65
TT = technology transfer; ENEF = energy efficiency; HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons.
such as Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia.
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In contrast to the
Figure 1: Division of Clean Development Mechanism Projects
high CDM project concentration of the region, it has to be noted that
Across Regions (as of December 2009)
there are developing Asia-Pacific countries that have not truly
benefited from CDM project implementation in terms of positive
1%1%
3%
effects on SD.
12,17 17%
Investigating Technology Transfer in the
Asia-Pacific Region
In this research, two forms of TT are considered: knowledge transfer
and equipment transfer. A knowledge transfer takes place when the
local project developer benefits from the transfer of knowledge,
know-how, information or technical assistance from a foreign
partner. An equipment transfer occurs through importing equipment
78%
such as wind turbines from a supplier located in a foreign country. A
CDM project can involve a transfer of both equipment and knowledge.
All required information was obtained from the PDDs, which are
Asia-Pacific Latin America Africa
mandatory standardised documents submitted to the CDM Executive
Europe and Central Asia Middle East
Board by the project developers for registration. Except for in section
A.4.3, as mentioned above, claims relating to TT can be found in other
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Source: Fenhann, 2009.
sections, such as ‘Description of the project activity’ (A.2) or ‘Barrier
analysis’ (B.4). Section G (‘Stakeholders’ comments’) sometimes Based on statistical analysis in the Asia-Pacific region, as Table 1
contains interesting information on equipment suppliers. Further indicates, TT occurs in 41% of the CDM projects examined and occurs
information on the technology employed may also be displayed in the mainly in the projects that involve TT claiming both equipment and
annex of the PDD. knowledge transfer. The statistical analysis and time series analysis and
forecasting
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indicated that the number of projects and the probability
China and Thailand were examined as indicative cases of the of transfer vary significantly across technology types (see Table 2). In
Asia-Pacific region. In particular, as of November 2008 China had 301 China, projects concerning hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) or methane and
registered projects, while Thailand had 10 registered projects in the nitrous oxide (N
2
O) emission avoidance have a higher probability of
CDM pipeline. This data set was analysed in order to explore the issue entailing TT, while in Thailand biomass projects have more likelihood of
of the CDM contribution to TT. involving TT. TT through the CDM is occurring to some extent in the
MODERN ENERGY REVIEW VOLUME 2 ISSUE 1
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