Deepwater Field Development and Concept Selection
Table 1: Comparison of the Existing Floating Platforms Spar
TLP Variants Scalability Classic, truss and cell
Functionality Dry/wet trees; surface BOP drilling, Dry/wet trees, surface BOP drilling, completion, intervention
completion, intervention constraints and increased depth; large payloads (about 5,000ft)
Installation, High degree of complexity, cost integration, and schedule risk commissioning Flexibility
Limited for decommissioning, relocation, expansion
Relatively complex
Limited for decommissioning, relocation, expansion
BOP = blow-out preventer; HP = high pressure; SCR = steel catenary riser; TLP = tension leg platform.
and will significantly increase platform size and capital expenditure (CAPEX). This has to be traded off against increased ultimate recovery. In some deep subsalt reservoirs, boosting may be a necessity.
Proven Deepwater Floating Platforms
Currently, there are four major categories of floating platform available (see Figure 4). Semi- and floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) platforms were introduced in the late 1970s and converted from drilling rigs and oil tankers. They have since evolved into purpose-built hulls capable of supporting massive payloads in very deep and harsh environments. Tension leg platforms (TLPs) and spars were introduced in the 1980s and 1990s in response to the need for dry trees and direct well access. All spars and TLPs are purpose-built hulls. They provide the flexibility of drilling, completion, production and intervention; however, the cost of carrying a full drilling rig burdens the floating platform enormously.
Table 2: Early Decisions on Key Platform Functions
Reservoir Characteristic Drill Centres Wet or Dry Tree Drilling, Workover Development or Production Rig
Small Medium, stacked
or compact Large, stacked
Single Single
Single
or compact Large, areally extensive Multiple Multiple, sub-economic Multiple
Wet Dry
Dry
Wet Wet
Production Workover
Drilling
Production Production
Each category has multiple configurations that have evolved to provide a greater range of functional capabilities and cost-effectiveness (see Table 1). As Table 1 shows, there is no single solution that is superior to all others in every category. Each of these platforms can be used in a specific case if the situation demands it. In addition to the proven platform
Relatively simple
Semisubmersible Classic, extended, MOSES and Sea-star Conventional and deep-draft
Dry/wet trees, surface BOP drilling, completion, intervention
Dual barrier production riser HP Water depth by tendons and payload Limited envelope of SCR applicability
Shipshape
Spread moored, turret moored Wet tree, subsea BOP drilling possible, integrated oil storage Tower or wave risers
required for deeper waters, accommodate very large topsides
Simplest integration,
commissioning, wet (or dry) tow from yard to site
Relatively simple decommissioning, Simplest to expand topsides, relocation, expansion
relocate or decommission
TEAM PROJECT S.R.L. is a young and dynamic group, established in 1999 as a multidiscipline engineering service company within the on and off shore sectors. The potential of TEAM PROJECT S.R.L. lies in its highly qualified, multidisciplinary teams of engineers and technicians.
Starting from conceptual studies to detailed engineering, TEAM PROJECT S.R.L. can provide to EPC contractors a complete design service for construction and maintenance of a wide range of plants and systems in the following fields:
• Oil & Gas • Fire Fighting • R&D for standard products
Thanks to the great experience over the years and the attention to details, TEAM PROJECT S.R.L. has always been recognised as a highly experienced company in creating innovative and cost-effective solutions.
Design Quality and service delivery have always been a TEAM PROJECT S.R.L. priority: all provided design processes are governed by a Project Quality Plan complying with the requirements of ISO 9001, applicable codes, standards, guidelines and the needs of plant operations and maintenance.
Among the primary services we offer it is possible to find: • project management • feasibility studies • basic & detail engineering • modularization studies (i.e. PAU, PAR, etc.) • 3D plant modelling • lay-out of plant & machinery • equipment & piping design • stress analysis for piping & structures • hydraulic calculation • CFD • multi-physic analysis & simulation • installation & connection details • electrical & instrumentation • handbooks & procedures
All projects are supported by the use of specific software packages.
Our mission can be summarized as to get it right first time, striving for maximum efficiency at the lowest cost.
TEAM PROJECT S.R.L., Via Villoresi, 68, 20010 Vittuone (MI), Italy. Tel: +39 2 90310098 Fax: +39 2 90311132 Email:
info@teamproject.it Website:
www.teamproject.it
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