Performance Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Oilfield Produced Water for Re-use
Table 2: Constituent Concentrations in Produced Water Before and After Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Treatment for pH Values of 7 and 9.5 Parameter
Goal* pH = 7.0 Alkalinity
Aluminium Ammonia Antimony Barium
Benzene
Bicarbonate Boron
Bromate Calcium
Carbonate Chlorine
Conductivity ** mg/L
Chlorine dioxide
Magnesium Manganese Naphthalene Nickel DO
Potassium
Radium 226 Salinity Sodium TDS
Total solids Toluene Turbidity Xylene Zinc
6mg/L **mg/L 0.6Bq/L **
Glutaraldeid biocide ** mg/L Gution® herbicide
Feed 188
0.01 0.8 2
0.01
162
0.252 0.01 0.7 28
753
0.08 39
0.01 1
0.321 135 17
1.5 10
3.6 17.5
0.006 625 245 816 907
2.21
Outlet 24
0.01 0.5 2
0.01
0.125 0.01 0.1 10 18
133 0.5 7.6
0.01 10
0.198 0.001 0.013 100 10 1 1
4.7 3
0.002 18
1.93 33 58
0.11
*Petrobas requirements; **Under study. DO = dissolved oxygen; TDS = total dissolved solids.
surface water disposal or for re-use purposes. Additional considerations when meeting water quality guidelines for irrigation may include toxicity. Furthermore, due to the fact that the membranes tend to remove the majority of salts from the raw
Petrobras is launching new projects focusing on the evaluation of different
technologies aimed at produced water treatment for irrigation purposes.
produced water, it will be necessary to add some elements to the water in order to use it for irrigation, such as calcium, magnesium and other nutrients.
1. Baldoni-Andrey P, et al., Impact of High Salinity of Produced Water on the Technical Feasibility of Biotreatment for E&P Onshore Applications, SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 12–14 April 2006.
96 Conclusions
The important findings from this work are: •
The pilot-scale reverse osmosis/nanofiltration unit effectively decreased conductivity and total dissolved solids in the produced water and reduced the concentration of several water quality parameters considered important for beneficial re-use.
• •
The treatment of the studied produced water using membrane processes met the overall objective of this study, which was to obtain water suitable for beneficial use.
Additional considerations when meeting water quality guidelines for irrigation should include toxicity. It is also important to investigate the influence of this water on the soil and its effects on crop yields.
Studies in all of these areas are being carried out in order to implement produced water re-use for irrigation purposes in the northeast of Brazil. n
2. Hum F, et al., Is It Possible to Treat Produced Water for Recycle and Beneficial Re-use? SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 12–14 April 2006.
3. Pedenaud P, TOTAL Experience to Reduce Discharge of Hydrocarbons Through Produced Water, SPE International Conference on Thermal Ooperations and Heavy Oil Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1–3 November 2005.
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION – VOLUME 8 ISSUE 2
Feed 185
0.01 0.8 2
0.1
159
0.475 0.01 0.66 24
790
2,010 0.5 25
0.08 85
0.151 1
0.8
501 10
0.01 15
4.4 31.3
0.006 1,176 462 954
1,013
1.92
Reverse Osmosis pH = 9.5
Outlet 30
0.01 0.3 0.2 0.1
0.071 0.01 0.1 10 28 51
0.5 5
0.01 10
0.01 1
0.01 100 10
0.01 10
4.7 0.3
0.002 17.2 6.8 29 42
0.11
Feed 158
0.012 2 2
0.018 1.3
138
0.262 0.01 0.59 10
583
1,899 0.5 83
0.075 105
3.19 1
0.304 190 10
7.37 10
3.2 20.3
0.011 782
307.5 631 718
1.08
pH = 7.0
Outlet 28
0.045 0.3 2
0.01
0.284 0.01 0.1 10 23 97
0.5 5
0.001 26
0.517 1
0.01 100 10
0.03 10
4.7 2
0.003 44
17.3 35 43
0.22
Feed 376
0.01 0.02 5
0.028
0.449 0.05 2
– 617
3,900 –
11 0.07
0.476 –
1
0.173 2
0.01 1
0.01 0.2
37.7 –
0.010 171
1,978 2,332 2.8 4.2
0.17 0.052 Nanofiltration pH = 9.5
Outlet 39
0.01 0.02 5
0.01
0.563 0.005 0.5 –
12.9 270 –
5
0.01 0.01 –
0.004 0.01 0.5
0.01 1
0.01 1.2 1.5 –
0.010 22.3 98
120
0.4 0.04 0.034
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