Ceramic Membranes for the Oilfield Produced Water Treatment
Its resistance to aggressive chemical solutions allows cleaning with those chemicals that do not compromise membrane performance. This is critical for waste streams with variable quality or a high propensity for membrane fouling.13
Membrane fouling remains a major obstacle to the application of membrane-based treatment of produced water.14,17
In general,
membrane lifetime and permeate fluxes are primarily affected by the phenomena of concentration polarisation and fouling at the membrane surface.14,15
Membrane fouling by oil emulsions is caused by the following. • • •
Accumulation of oil droplets at the membrane surface (cake layer formation and/or concentration polarisation).
Fouling from oil drops penetrating pores or adsorption onto the membrane surface.
Fouling layer compaction due to the permeation drag, which causes the membrane matrix to slightly reorganise, resulting in lowered volume porosity, increasing membrane resistance and thus lower fluxes.16
In the literature, many studies of membrane separation for oily wastewater treatment have been reported, particularly in MF, UF and RO with polymer membranes. Few studies, however, are related to the application of inorganic ceramic membranes on oily wastewater treatment.18,19
Membrane Transport and Fouling Research The membrane technology research group at the University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg in Germany is involved in a number of
studies of membrane processes, with particular emphasis on understanding membrane transport and fouling. The goal of its current research project is the application of a new generation of ceramic membranes for the efficient treatment of oilfield produced water.
The project focuses on the performance and characterisation of the membrane processes using different ceramic membranes when treating oilfield produced water generated from tank dewatering and different prepared model solutions at different process parameters. Membrane process performance was measured in terms of average flux rates, oil and total organic carbon removal efficiency.
To determine the separation capability of the processes described, various parameters, such as trans-membrane pressure, cross-flow velocity, influent oil concentration, salinity concentration, feed temperature and different membrane cleaning methods (chemical- and ultrasound-enhanced cleaning as well as back flushing), were investigated. A laboratory-scale multistage cross-flow filtration system mainly comprising tubular ceramic membranes, circulation pump, feed, permeate, retentate streams and back flushing was used throughout the investigation and is shown in Figure 2.
The single and combined treatment processes investigated here consisted of a pre-treatment step utilising MF (0.1 and 0.2μm pore size filters) and a multistage post-treatment step utilising cross-flow UF (0.05μm pore size and 20kDa MWCO filters) and NF (1 and 0.75kDa MWCO filters). Table 1 lists the properties of the ceramic membranes used. During the experimental period, samples from the concentrate
MIROS OIL SPILL DETECTION SYSTEM
OIL SPILL DETECTION BY MARINE X-BAND RADARS PROCESSING OF DIGITIZED RADAR IMAGES
MAIN FEATURES: Early and automated detection of oil spills. Day and night operation in fog and poor visibility. Oil drift prediction with direction and speed. Flexible user interface. Wave, wind and surface current data.
AREAS OF USE: Stand-by and oil recovery vessels participating in oil spill clean up operations. Coast guard vessels for oil spill monitoring. Oils rigs, FPSOs and tankers for oil spill monitoring. Oil terminals and refineries for oil spill monitoring in the terminal area.
Developed in co-operation with NOFO – Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies - measuring the ocean surface
Solbråveien 32, P.O. Box 364, NO-1372 Asker, Norway Tel: (+47) 66 98 75 00, Fax: (+47) 66 90 41 70 E-mail:
office@miros.no, Web site:
www.miros.no
MIROS OSD SYSTEM WELL VERIFIED AND INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED
PROVEN PRODUCT: Tested in yearly oil-on-water excercises. Used in real clean-up operations. Adopted by international operators.
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