The Effect of Oil on Foam Stability During Foam Flow in Pipes
distinct flow regimes exist, separated by the locus of fg*, which is consistent with the previous studies11,12
even in the presence of
oil flowing together. In the low-quality regime (below the fg* boundary), the pressure contours are independent of liquid velocity
but are sensitive to gas velocity and in the high-quality regime (above
the fg* boundary), the pressure contours are dependent on both liquid and gas velocities.
It was observed that at low gas injection rates, pressure response from the pressure transducer was stable, while at high gas injection rates the pressure response was unstable and fluctuating. This behaviour was similar to what Bogdnovic et al. observed in their study of two flow regime concept for foam flow in pipe.11
segregated flow in the low-quality regime as visualised by Rahul and Kam.12
Figures 3, 4 and 5 indicate that in general, the presence of oil makes foams less stable, which results in expanding high-quality regime and shrinking low-quality regime. In addition, the pressure data show that foam rheology in the high-quality regime is more sensitive to oil rates compared to that in the low-quality regime.
Conclusions This
behaviour could be related to the flow patterns incurred during flow such as slug flow in the high-quality regime and plug flow or
1.
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Gilbert T, Tucker D, Milchem Canada Limited, Air-drilling to date, Paper SPE 6835, The 19th Annual Technical Meeting of the Petroleum Society of CIM, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1968.
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Angel RR, Volume Requirements for Air or Gas Drilling, AIME Petroleum Transactions, 1957;210:325–30.
Blauer RE, Mitchell BJ, Kolhaas CA, Determination of laminar, turbulent, and transitional foam-flow friction losses in pipes, Paper SPE 4885, The 44th SPE Annual California Regional Meeting, San Francisco, California, US, 1974.
5. Deshpande NS, and Barigou M, The flow of gas liquid foams 9.
All of these experimental results show that the detrimental effect of oil should be taken into consideration in order to characterise foam flow in pipes more accurately. This change in foam rheology should be quantified for the accurate modelling and simulation of field UBD processes. n
in vertical pipes, Chemical Engineering Science, 2000;4297–309.
6. 7. 8.
Calvert JR, Nezhati K, A rheological model for liquid-gas foam, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 19867(3),164–8.
Jenson JA, Friedmann F, Physical and Chemical Effects of an Oil Phase, paper SPE 16375, The SPE California Regional Meeting Ventura, Calfornia, US, 1987.
Nikolov AD, Wassan DT, Huang DW, Edwards DA, The Effect of Oil on Foam Stability: Mechanisms and Implications for Oil Displacement by Foam in Porous Media, paper SPE 15443, The 61st Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, New Orleans, Los Angeles, US, 1986.
DalIand M, Hanssena JE, StrØm-Kristiansen T, Oil interaction
with foams under static and flowing conditions in porous media, Colloids and Surfaces: A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1994;82:129–40.
10. Schramm L, Tusta A, Novosad J, Microvisual and coreflood studies of foam interactions with a light crude oil, Paper SPE 20205PA, SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1991;8(3):201–6.
11. Bogdanovic M, Gajbhiye RN, Kam SI, Experimental study of foam flow in horizontal pipes: Two flow regimes and its implications, Colloids and Surfaces: A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2009;344:56–71.
12. Gajbhiye RN and Kam SI, Characterization of Foam Flow in Horizontal Pipes by Using Two-Flow-Regime Concept, Chemical Engineering Science, 2011;66(8):1536–49.
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