Overview of Wellbore Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Modelling with Applications in the Oil Industry
through the wellbore. The most accurate well testing occurs when the testing tools stand right above the perforations and the well is shut at that point. However, shut-in at the bottom is usually very difficult and expensive, especially in the hostile environment of a high-temperature/ high-pressure reservoir.6
In this case and for the production wells,
production may incur a loss for a certain period of time, which is not desirable.
The close and intricate interactions between the reservoir and the wellbore are the basis of well test analysis, where, in draw-down and build-up tests, recorded transient bottom hole pressures allow estimation of reservoir formation and fluid properties. Therefore, a fully transient wellbore/reservoir simulator can help in better understanding these interactions. A coupled wellbore/reservoir simulator should allow translation of the surface data to the bottom hole condition (reverse simulation) without any interruption to the production operation and then performing of conventional well test analysis and interpretation. As mentioned, the well testing tools cannot always be placed right above the perforations and they often have some distance to the perforations.
Therefore, if the raw data are directly interpreted as the well test data, errors will arise in the results. A coupled wellbore/reservoir simulator can also avoid such a problem by fixing the error due to distance.4,7
However,
it should be noted that the reverse simulation will not give the perfect translation of surface data and thus more developments on coupled wellbore/reservoir simulators and multiphase flow models are still required.
Other applications of wellbore simulators include the identification of phase redistribution in well testing; modelling of the blowout phenomenon; estimation of dynamic productivity or injectivity; transient nodal analysis; design or interpretation of temperature logs; design and maintenance of flow lines, production equipment and facilities, particularly in the offshore environment; generation of
Wellbore fluid flow and heat transfer modelling has numerous applications in the petroleum industry and has increasingly become more important
geothermal electricity; and the use of down-hole electrical heaters.1,8,9 In addition, if the simulator can accurately model the non-isothermal multiphase flow in the wellbore it can also be used in the nuclear industry where non-isothermal two-phase flow is relevant, for instance during loss-of-coolant accidents.9
There are some other important
processes that require an accurate modelling of flow through wellbores and pipes, especially in conditions where flow is non-isothermal and multiphase. The designing of production tubulars and artificial lift systems, gathering of pressure data for continuous reservoir management, estimation of flow rates from multiple producing horizons and realtime monitoring of well stability are among examples of such processes to be mentioned here.4
EASY TO INSTALL. EASY TO OPERATE. HIGH CAPACITY
www.ott-as.no WASTE HANDLING SOLUTIONS
Best Available Technology rental equipment and personnel with well proven know-how ensure the safe handling and treatment of polluted sediments drill cuttings or drilling waste materials
dry or wet. Our products are designed in Achilles JQS Onsite Treatment Technologies AS Onsite Treatment Technologies AS Skvadronveien 22, adronveien 22, 4050 Sola, Norway. Phone +47 51 70 97 40 Qualified
treatment of polluted sediments , drill cuttings or drilling waste materials, dry or wet. Our products are designed in accordance with true environmentally friendly principles and, we make it our business to be there for our clients.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116