Managing a Liquefied Natural Gas Fleet’s Health, Safety, Security and Environment Assurance


Rating Options (Five-point Likert Rating Scale) Adopting the Likert rating scale,33


for each surveyed item (survey


question/statement) five options were made available to the survey respondents (see Table 2). Hence, the survey respondents were required to award only one of the ‘points’. Using the above tailormade measuring instrument, the status of each surveyed item was recorded in a quantitative manner.


Method of Data Analysis


Adopting the above-mentioned Likert rating scale ensured that the customised rapid HSSE assurance assessment model was compatible with the Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS Statistics 17.0) software. This meant that various meaningful results could be obtained from the surveyed items, as detailed below.


Study One – Pre-treatment/Pre-intervention The following analyses were carried out:


• •


• • demographics of the survey respondents;


standard/descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance);


distribution of feedback (very poor, poor, satisfactory, good and excellent);


normality of data distribution (skewness and kurtosis);


• reliability (Cronbach’s alpha); • •


• • • •


HSSE assurance status summary (overall opinion and conclusion);


statistical data distribution tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests of normality);


one-sample t-test (trial survey or pilot study versus actual study); HSSE concerns (written and interview feedback);


HSSE recommendations (written and interview feedback); and


reliability (Pearson’s correlation) and validity of survey findings (including post-survey respondent feedback).


Study Two – Post-treatment/Post-intervention The following analyses were carried out:


• paired-sample t-test (pre-treatment/pre-intervention versus post-treatment/post-intervention);


• one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (see Figure 2).


Using the mean of survey respondents’ opinions (feedback) for each surveyed HSSE assurance sub-elements allowed the status of each sub-element to be determined. Then, by calculating the average mean for a group of HSSE assurance sub-elements under each main element, the status of a particular main element could be determined. Subsequently, from the average mean of all of the seven main elements, the HSSE assurance status of the entire LNG fleet at the time of the survey could be quantified. All of the above means and average means could then be directly related to the customised HSSE assurance element assurance – status summary and overall opinion and conclusion matrix. This enabled better appreciation of the research findings in terms of the overall opinion and conclusion (see Table 3).


Identifying Shortcomings Using the matrix shown in Table 3, if the mean or average mean of a particular sub-element or main element was <3.0, that sub-element or main element was recorded as ‘satisfactory’.


HYDROCARBON WORLD – VOLUME 6 ISSUE 1


One-sample T test


HSSE concerns recommends


Standard/descriptive statistics


Reliability


(Cronbach’s alpha) check


Survey respondents feedback (data)


Normality of data distribution


Post pilot study rapid HSSE AA model


Distribution of feedback


Table 2: Rating Scale for Surveyed Items Point(s)


5 4 3 2 1


Survey Respondent’s Opinion Excellent (E) Good (G)


Satisfactory (S) Poor (P)


Very poor (VP)


Table 3: Status Summary of Health, Safety, Security and Environment Assurance


Score (%) 4.0–5.0


3.0–3.9 2.0–2.9 1.0–1.9 0.0–0.9 Status Summary of Surveyed HSSE Sub- or Main Element


Excellent (E) Sustain, but still scope for continual improvement


Good (G) Sustain, but still scope for further ‘specific’ improvement


Satisfactory (S) Cause for serious concern and scope for ‘overall’ improvement


Poor (P) Cause for serious concern and immediate enforcement of recommended best practices


Very poor (VP) Cause for serious concern and immediate adoption of recommended best practices


HSSE = health, safety, security and environment.


Figure 2: Statistical Analyses/Tests Following Study One (Pre-treatment/-intervention)


Data distribution tests (normality test)


HSSE assurance status summary


Survey findings reliability and validity


Post survey – feedback


Paired-sample T test


Correction actions plan (intervention)


One-way analysis of variance


(one-way ANOVA)


Study two (2) (post-treatment/ intervention)


ANONVA = analysis of variance; HSSA = health, safety, security and environment.


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