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Integration of Biodiversity Conservation within TOTAL Exploration and Production Activities in Indonesia


soil microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) to use hydrocarbons as a sole source of carbon and energy, i.e. bioremediation.10


Going Further Through Scientific Surveys and Research Developing biodiversity scientific projects is of mutual interest to science and industry. Science contributes to a better knowledge of the biodiversity and its evolution, which is necessary for an appropriate evaluation of the potential impact of an activity on the environment and to set up the most effective mitigation measures to eliminate or, if not possible, reduce this impact.


Industry contributes to scientific research by way of logistics and financing. Oil and gas exploration often occurs in isolated areas where the scientific knowledge is relatively poor, such as the rain forest, deep offshore, deserts, arctic environments and tropical islands. The availability of heavy logistic support, provided by the oil and gas industry, can be shared with scientists to give them access to such isolated environments. An example of partnership and financial support for a scientific project linked to the inventory/protection of tropical biodiversity is the Panglao project in the Philippines.11


The


objectives were to evaluate the marine species richness around the island of Panglao. It was carried out in collaboration with the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris, the National University of Singapore and the University of San Carlos of Cebu City.


The project was supported by the TOTAL Foundation for Biodiversity and the Sea, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation. Numerous species were observed alive, collected and photographed during the survey. It is estimated that several hundred new species have been discovered.12–14


This programme was also a workshop


for local students and scientists with a view to capacity building and establishing specific measures to protect such a sensitive environment.


Conclusion


Hydrocarbon exploration and production activities in a sensitive social and environmental mangrove ecosystem such as that in Indonesia require the minimisation of environmental impacts from the operations as well as efforts to improve the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem. The establishment of effective organisation


1. Total, 2010. Available at: http://www.total.com/en/our- challenges/preserving-the-environment/controlling-our- impacts-on-the-local-environment/protecting-biodiversity- 201019.htm


2. 3. 4.


Chaîneau CH, Miné J, Suripno, The integration of biodiversity conservation with oil and gas exploration in sensitive tropical environments, Biodivers Conserv, 2010;19:587–600.


MacKinnon K, Hatta G, Halim H, Mangalik A, The Ecology of Kalimantan. The Ecology of Indonesia Series, Vol. III, S1, Singapore: Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd, 1996;802 pp.


Suripno S, Najib M, Asmaradewi G, Management of oil and gas exploration and production in sensitive social environment and mangrove ecosystem. In: The Seventh SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 29–31 March 2004, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc., 2004;SPE 86578-MS.


5. INRR, Mahakam Delta in Space and Time: Ecosystem, Resources, and Management, Bogor: BPMigas, TOTAL, 2006;190 pp.


6.


Kreb D, Budiono, Cetacean diversity and habitat preferences in tropical waters of East Kalimantan, Indonesia, Raffles Bull


20 8. Zool, 2005;53:149–55. 7.


Van Zwieten PA, Sidik AS, Noryadi, et al., Aquatic food production in the coastal zone: data-based perceptions on the trade-off between mariculture and fisheries production of the Mahakam delta and estuary, East Kalimantan. In: Hoanh CT, Tuong TP, Gowing JW, Hardy B, eds, Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones, Indonesia: CAB International, 2006;219–36.


Bourgeois R, Gouyon A, Jésus F, et al., Socioeconomic and institutional analysis of Mahakam delta stakeholders. Final Report to TotalFinaElf, contract no 501125/DKI/204, 2002:108 pp.


9.


Chaîneau CH, Asmaradewi G, Total in Mahakam Delta, Indonesia: company operations, mangrove ecosystem protection, IPIECA and OGP Biodiversity and South East Asia Workshop, 24–25 February 2004, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, IPIECA/OGP, 2004.


10. Chaîneau CH, Suripno, Najib M, et al., Bioremediation of Aged Contaminated Soils and Drill Cuttings in a Large Scale Field Study Under Tropical Conditions, IPA 03-B-053, 2003;12 pp. 11. Panglao Marine Biodiversity Project, 2004. Available


and the actions taken to minimise the impacts to the mangrove ecosystem and to manage the sensitive social context have enabled the promotion of stakeholder awareness of the environmental issues in the Mahakam delta. The actions taken have also shown positive results in the improvement of communication with the local communities as well as in solving disputes and claims.


In 2007, TEPI decided to take the initiative again and earmarked US$2 million over five years to promote sustainable management of the Mahakam delta. Moreover, biodiversity preservation, considered an integral part of sustainable development, is a universal concern and specifically in 2010, the international year of biodiversity. Protection of biodiversity is one of the targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which was a major achievement of the United Nation Conference held in Rio in 2002 and recently during the Nagoya submit.15


In particular, it implies the participation of the administrative authorities, local communities, industry representatives and, obviously, the scientific community. Partnership between the oil and


It requires the involvement of all players at all levels in a long-term plan.16


Exploration often occurs in isolated areas where the scientific knowledge is poor, such as the rain forest, deep offshore, deserts, arctic environments and tropical islands.


gas exploration industry and the scientific community is in the mutual interest of each party. TOTAL has promoted the setting up of biodiversity observatories with the implication of an external panel of scientists.


Through these observatories, the company hopes to foster dialogue between all stakeholders, to gather reliable data on a long-term basis to target the action plans more effectively, and significantly broaden scientific knowledge. n


at: http://www.panglao-hotspot.org


12. Anker A, Jeng MS, Richalpheus palmeri, n. gen., n. sp., an infaunal alpheid shrimp from the Philippines, with redescription of Amphibetaeous jousseaumei Coutière, 1896 (Decapoda: Caridea), J Crust Biol, 2006;26:379–91.


13. Mitsuhashi M, Chan TY, Pontoniine shrimps of the genus Apopontonia Bruce, 1976 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from the Philippines PANGLAO 2004 expedition, with a description of one new species, Raffles Bull Zool, 2008;19:27–38.


14. Chan TY, Ho KY, Li CP, Chu KH, Origin and diversification of the clawed lobster genus Metanephrops (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidae), Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2009; 50:411–22.


15. Siebenhuner B, Administrator of global biodiversity: the secretariat of the convention on biological diversity, Biodivers Conserv, 2007;16:259–74.


16. Larigauderie A, Mooney HA, The International Year of Biodiversity: an opportunity to strengthen the science–policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services, Curr Opin Environ Sustain, 2010;2:1–2.


EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION – VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2


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