Cyclic Solvent Injection Process for Heavy Oil Recovery
in the oil there (see Figure 10). Thus, injection of a lower solubility gas helps to maintain a gas saturation through which the very soluble component can penetrate before it dissolves in the oil phase and swells it.
Conclusions
CSI shows potential (50 % recovery in six cycles) as a post-cold production process. The CSI model captures the main mechanisms involved in this process. In developing a model for CSI, it is important to satisfactorily represent:
1. Kristoff BJ, Knorr KD, Preston CK, et al., Joint implementation of vapour extraction—heavy pil recovery process, World Heavy Oil Congress 2008, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, March 10–12.
2. Bratli RK, Risnes, Stability and failure of sand arches, SPE J, 1981;21:236–48.
3. Bratli RK, Tronvoll J, Santarelli F, Sand management protocol increases production rates, reduces completion costs, SPE International, Presented at Trinidad & Tobago SPE Conference, 1998.
4. Chang J, System dynamics approaches for sand production simulation and prediction (a semi-analytical implementation), MSc thesis, Waterloo, 2000.
5. Dusseault MB, Santarelli FJ, A conceptual model for massive solid production in poorly-consolidated sandstones, Proceedings International Symposium on Rock at Great Depth, Rotterdam, 1989;789–97.
6. Dusseault MB, El-Sayed A, CHOP-cold heavy oil production, Tenth European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Brighton, UK, poster number 086, 1999.
7. Dusseault MB, Geilikman MB, Spanos T, Mechanisms of massive sand production in heavy oils, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Heavy Oils and Tar Sands,
Beijing, PRC, 1998;14.
8. Geilikman MB, Dusseault MB, Dynamics of wormholes and enhancement of fluid production, paper presented at the 48th Annual Technical Meeting of the Petroleum Society in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1997.
9. Geilikman MB, Dusseault MB, Sand production caused by foamy oil flow, Transport in Porous Media, 1999;35(2):259–72.
10. Risnes R, Bratli RK, Horsrud P, Sand arching – a case study, Proceedings of the European Petroleum Conference, EUR, 1982;310:313–18.
11. Sawatzky RP, Lillico DA, Vlcsak G, et al., Initiation of sand production in the cold production process, presented at the Petroleum Society of CIM 47th Annual Technical Meeting, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 1996.
12. Sawatzky RP, Lillico DA, Tremblay, et al., Tracking cold production footprints, Paper 2002-086, presented at the Petroleum Society’s Canadian International Petroleum Conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 11–13 June 2002.
13. Tremblay B, Modelling of sand transport through wormholes, Paper 2003-101, presented at the Petroleum Society’s Canadian International Petroleum Conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2003.
• the reservoir characterisation at the end of primary production (particularly important following CHOPS);
• equilibrium pressure, volume, temperature behaviour including oil-phase mole densities;
• non-equilibrium dissolution and exsolution behaviour; • diffusion; • dispersion; • oil-phase viscosity as a function of temperature and solvent mole fraction; • relative permeability hysteresis; and • capillary pressure. n
14. Tremblay B, Sedgwick G, Forshner K, Modeling of sand production from wells on primary recovery, J Can Petro Tech, 1998;37(3):41–50.
15. Tremblay B, Sedgwick G, Vu D, A review of cold production in heavy oil reservoirs, Tenth European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Brighton, UK, 1999.
16. Uddin M, Numerical Studies of Gas Exsolution in a Live Heavy-Oil Reservoir, Paper SPE/PS-CIM/CHOA 97739, SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1–3 November 2005.
17. Ivory J, Chang J, Coates R, Forshner K, Investigation of Cyclic Solvent Injection Process for Heavy Oil Recovery, Canadian International Petroleum Conference, Calgary, June 2009.
18. Neuman SP, Universal scaling of hydraulic conductivities and dispersivities in geologic media, Water Resources Research, 1990;26(8):1749–58.
19. Blackwell RJ, Laboratory Studies of Macroscopic Dispersion Phenomena, SPE Journal, March 1962;1–8.
20. Perkins TK, Johnston OC, A Review of Diffusion and Dispersion in Porous Media, SPE Journal, March 1963;70–84.
TEAM PROJECT S.R.L. is a young and dynamic group, established in 1999 as a multidiscipline engineering service company within the on and off shore sectors. The potential of TEAM PROJECT S.R.L. lies in its highly qualified, multidisciplinary teams of engineers and technicians.
Starting from conceptual studies to detailed engineeringTEAM PROJECTS S.A.L. can provide to EPC contractors acompleate design service for construction and maintenance ofa wide range of plants and systems in the Oil & Gas field. Our engineering activity, in this sector, is related to design of: scrubber,filter separator, metering & reducing station, gasheater, 2-phase & 3-phase separator, compression station & dehydration plant, package,PAR, PAU, etc.
One of the main activity that charecterizes TEAM PROJECTS.R.L. as the leading company operating oversease and constitutes a diamond point in the R % D field, is the FireFighting. Our engineering activity is related to design of firefighting equipment and systems, such us: water/foam pumping stations, water/foam deluge va;ves skids & systems,monitors, nozzles & mobile fire fighting units, powderequipment & systems and gas extinguishing systems.
The fire fighting equipment have underlying perculiarityin fact the main feature is their stand by condition up to thevary instant in which they shall concentrate all thefunctionality and availability to achieve, therefore, the greatest outcome.
Thanks to the great experience over the years and the attention to details, TEAM PROJECT S.R.L. has always beenrecognised as a highly experienced company on creating innovative and cost effective solutions. TEAM PROJECT
S.R.L.is ISO 9001 certified.
Among the primary services we offer it is possible to find:
• project management • feasibility studies • basic & detail engineering • modularization studies (i.e. PAU, PAR etc.) • 3D plant modelling (i.e. AVEVA PDMS, AUTOCAD, etc.) • lay-out of plant and machinery • equipment & piping design • stress analysis for piping & structures • hydraulic calculation • CFD • multi-physic analysis & simulation • installation & connection details • electrical & instrumentation • handbooks & procedures.
All projects are supported by the use of specific software packages.
Our mission can be summarised as to get it right first time, striving for maximum efficiency at the lowest cost.
TEAM PROJECT S.R.L., Via Villoresi, 68, 20010 Vittuone (MI), Italy Tel: +39 2 90310098, Fax: +39 2 90311132 Email:
info@teamproject.it Website:
www.teamproject.it
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124