Managing Risk in the Norwegian Offshore Industry
the interface between working environment conditions and major accident risk.
Risk Management Strategies
A key element in risk management strategies and systems is to create several layers of safety measures and barriers. These will reduce both the likelihood of incidents and their impact. Existing systems for risk management and models for risk analysis can be described as fragmented, in the sense that different risks are not assessed collectively. A need accordingly exists for more integrated management models, not least in order to be able to identify potential conflicts and synergies between possible measures. The methods developed to describe, measure and communicate risk provide important decision support, particularly in the design phase. Given the frequency of change processes in the industry, it is important that risk analyses are also further developed for the operational phase. In co-operation with employers and unions in Norway’s petroleum industry, the PSA pursues an annual process to measure trends in risk level (RNNP) in the industry. Developments are monitored with the aid of various methods, such as incident indicators, barrier data, interviews with key informants, working seminars and field work. These data are supplemented every other year with a large questionnaire-based survey, and the results have been presented in an annual report since 2001. The RNNP has so far focused on personal risk, considering major incidents, occupational accidents and selected working environment factors. In 2010, however, the PSA also issued an RNNP report on trends in the risk of acute discharges into the sea on the NCS. This study provides an important supplement to the base data used to set priorities for accident prevention work in the industry.
Human Behaviour
Complex and safety-critical activities will always depend on human behaviour – the essential basis for good decisions, safe operation and proper handling of non-conformances. Although people can make mistakes, their contribution to the human/technological/operational system is more a source of safety. The expertise of management and workers and their ability to improvise also play key roles in re-establishing safe conditions after an unforeseen incident. That is precisely why greater emphasis needs to be given to human behaviour as a positive safety factor – just as the risk of human error is already taken into account.
Management Information
Managing risk is naturally a management responsibility. This means responsible managers must have sufficient information at all times about the operations being carried out. They must also be able to comprehend the risk picture and what any threats comprise, and have a good overview and understanding of the barriers established to prevent a hazard arising and developing into a major accident. Through purposeful supervision over a number of years, the PSA has monitored the way company managements are working to reduce the risk of major accidents. Through their initiatives and decisions, top executives define and influence frame conditions which determine the rest of the organisation’s room for manoeuvre in managing major accident risk.
The PSA accordingly saw the need for reflection on this issue at company level, and audited 11 companies in 2009 by asking them for
MIROS OIL SPILL DETECTION SYSTEM
OIL SPILL DETECTION BY MARINE X-BAND RADARS PROCESSING OF DIGITIZED RADAR IMAGES
MAIN FEATURES: Early and automated detection of oil spills. Day and night operation in fog and poor visibility. Oil drift prediction with direction and speed. Flexible user interface. Wave, wind and surface current data.
AREAS OF USE: Stand-by and oil recovery vessels participating in oil spill clean up operations. Coast guard vessels for oil spill monitoring. Oils rigs, FPSOs and tankers for oil spill monitoring. Oil terminals and refineries for oil spill monitoring in the terminal area.
Developed in co-operation with NOFO – Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies - measuring the ocean surface
Solbråveien 32, P.O. Box 364, NO-1372 Asker, Norway Tel: (+47) 66 98 75 00, Fax: (+47) 66 90 41 70 E-mail:
office@miros.no, Web site:
www.miros.no
MIROS OSD SYSTEM WELL VERIFIED AND INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED
PROVEN PRODUCT: Tested in yearly oil-on-water excercises. Used in real clean-up operations. Adopted by international operators.
EASY INSTALLATION: Miros System Computer with flat screen monitor. Miros Integrated Video Digitizer. Connects to the vessel's marine X-band radar. Interfaces to the vessel's Gyro, GPS and Wind sensors.
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