Integration of Biodiversity Conservation within TOTAL Exploration and Production Activities in Indonesia
Figure 3: (A) Mangrove Plantation on a Pipeline Right of Way (ROW), (B) Aerial View of a Planted Area (ROW + cluster) in the Delta Near Ponds, (C) Plants Being Monitored After Three Months and (D) Three Years
A
erosion, loss of biological habitats, soil losses, soil quality impoverishment, decrease of shrimp and fish productivity, and the increasing occurrence of shrimp diseases. This deterioration has also resulted in social and economic impacts, such as the failure of shrimp pond harvests and declining fish catches. These social and economic impacts have also affected TEPI operations in the area. The massive reduction in the area available to natural wildlife (see Figure 2) has affected the ecology of the indigenous biota. It is now common to observe some wild animals near camps and installations.
B
Furthermore, since 2005, coal mining industry activity has increased significantly. The mines are located close to the delta. The extracted coal is shipped by barges to Balikpapan or directly transferred offshore. This has resulted in a huge increase in traffic on the river. The 200 m-long barges are moored along the river banks and directly tie up to the growing trees. It is common to observe uprooted and dead trees.
A Geographical Information System Associated with Periodic Monitoring – A Set of Tools Devoted to the Monitoring of the Global Environment Over the past ten years, TEPI has been developing a geographical information system dedicated to its own operations and to environmental and social issues. The initial environmental objectives were to monitor the variations in vegetation cover in the delta with satellite images (see Figure 1), then to gain a better knowledge of the
CD
The systematic use of aerial photography and on-site baseline surveys enables the identification of sensitive areas that need to be protected.
reinforcement of local regulations and interdictions to clear the area, the delta is still drastically impacted by ponds. Pond areas range from less than 2ha to up to 50ha, the average being about 10ha.8
Most of the shrimp ponds are located in the external part of the delta where the salinity is high but some are now in the central part.
Shrimp culture and fishing activities attract many people to invest and work in the area. Some of them reside in the area while others work in the delta but reside outside.
The population growth rate in the Mahakam delta between 1996 and 2001 was relatively high (7–8 %) compared with the national population growth rate in 2000 (3 %).4,5,8
These rapid changes
impacted the mangrove ecosystem by degrading its ecological functioning. Several problems have arisen such as degradation of water quality, loss of vegetation surface area, increasing coastal
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delta status and to have sufficient information to take decisions in case of any crisis. For that purpose, TEPI has established various partnerships with international research centres, local universities, and international engineering companies. They have also made use of the existing scientific studies covering Borneo Island. Periodic surveys (EBS), are conducted regularly with the support of scientists to update knowledge about the local biodiversity. These studies have been presented to the Indonesian authorities and constituted an integrated part of the whole environmental management system implemented by the company that was certified (ISO 14001) in 2005 for its operations and drilling activities.
Surveys are conducted for each planned activity (e.g. seismic, drilling, pipeline installation, oil- and gas-producing platform installation and dredging). The systematic use of aerial photography and on-site baseline surveys enables the identification of sensitive areas that need to be protected. The implementation of the EIA studies then allows the development of mitigation measures in order to protect these areas and, more specifically, the local biodiversity.
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION – VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2
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