Integration of Biodiversity Conservation within TOTAL Exploration and Production Activities in Indonesia
Protecting the Biodiversity – The Path to Sustainable Development
Raising Awareness and Committing to Respect for the Environment
In parallel to the above studies, TEPI has launched sustainable development programmes centralised in an organisation called the Sustainable Development Steering Committee.
The committee consists of four main sections, each corresponding to the following: community development, Mahakam delta, the environment, and protection of land assets. Each section of the committee has defined its objectives and programmes in relation to institutional aspects, regulatory framework, law enforcement and community awareness improvement. As part of the work with the different stakeholders, including local and national authorities, NGOs and Pongawas (the richest owners of shrimp ponds), several initiatives have been implemented through an operational programme dedicated to the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem. To this end, the subsidiary steering committee has implemented some actions as part of the programmes mentioned above. These include minimisation of land clearance, implementation of an offset policy and associated actions, such as replanting programmes, mangrove rehabilitation and sustainable programmes for shrimp pond farming.4,5
Minimising Land Clearing
Minimising land clearing is an important step for minimising the impacts of an activity. A proper assessment is performed before implementing any new development project. Project locations and/or extension alternatives are assessed in order to select the most acceptable alternative that has minimum effects on the environment. Some examples are the installation of new pipeline in an existing right of way (ROW), horizontal drilling to pass under forest areas, extension of existing oil and gas gathering facilities instead of installing additional new ones, optimisation of land clearing in accordance with safety and environmental aspects and horizontal drilling to lay down pipelines that avoid vegetation removal.9
Offset Policy
Since 2002, when land clearance is unavoidable, an offset policy is put into place. It mainly consists of purchasing degraded lands, or non degraded areas in order to compensate for the clearance even if rehabilitation is going to be conducted after field operations. The ratio, usually two preserved areas for one cleared, allows the creation of ‘protected’ areas that can be considered to some degree as representing the native environment.
Mangrove Reinstatement in Cleared and Eroded Areas Mangrove Replanting Programme
TEPI has initiated a mangrove replanting programme (see Figures 3 and 4). To date, more than 10 million mangrove trees have been planted on previously cleared areas, mainly pipeline right of ways. Since the launching of the programme in 2000, mangrove replanting has covered more than 200 km of ROW and adjacent purchased ponds, which represents more than 1200ha. This operation is performed in cooperation with local villagers who provide the
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION – VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2
Figure 4: Number of Planted Seeds (Bar) And Vegetated Areas (Line) Over Time
12,000,000
10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0
seedlings and perform the planting as well as part of the monitoring of the planted trees.9
In cooperation with the Environment Ministry
(BAPEDALDA) and local NGOs, a specific programme of mangrove replanting was conducted on eroded areas along the coastal fringe of the delta. It was carried out by local villagers, local students, BAPEDALDA and TEPI.
Sustainable Shrimp Farming – Pilot Pond Test One of the community development programmes is to provide shrimp farmers with information about environmentally friendly and sustainable methods for shrimp culture management, in particular through the silvo-fishery method. This method has enabled the reinstatement of mangrove trees in ponds.
The aim was to strike a balance between natural nutrient input, additional supplements (from the prawn feed) and nutrient consumption in the ponds by the natural microbiota and the planted trees.
Training sessions were provided for more than 400 participants at several Sub-Districts in cooperation with governmental bodies and
Training sessions were
provided for more than 400 participants at several Sub-Districts in cooperation with governmental bodies and NGOs.
NGOs. To support shrimp pond training programmes, a pilot project of environmentally sustainable shrimp ponds was launched to provide a good example to local communities as well as to promote awareness of mangrove ecosystem sustainability.
Soil Rehabilitation
The environmental programmes have also focused on soil decontamination to allow nature to reinvade impacted areas. Contaminated areas were surveyed, assessed and then decontaminated naturally by using the intrinsic capababilities of the
19
Number of planted seeds
Planted areas (x104
m2
)
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