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Guidance on Risk Analysis and Safety Implications of a Large LNG Spill Over Water - LNG Review 2005
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Sandia National Laboratories
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Originally printed in:
LNG Review
- 2005
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Step Four – Defining Safeguards and Risk Management System Elements
This step includes identifying all of the potential safety and security elements and operations available on the LNG tanker, at the terminal or in transit. They comprise not only safety features, but also safety- and security-related operations and emergency response and recovery capabilities, including:
- Operational prevention and mitigation considerations, i.e.:
– LNG tanker safety/security features;
– proximity and availability of emergency support
– escorts, emergency response, and fire, medical and law enforcement capabilities;
early warning systems;
– ship interdiction and inspection operations and security forces; and
– ability to interrupt operations in adverse conditions – weather, wind and waves.
- Protective design, i.e.:
– design for storm surges, blasts and thermal loading;
– security measures – fences, surveillance and exclusion areas;
– effective stand-off from residential, commercial or other critical infrastructures based on recommended
hazard distances from an LNG spill over water; and
– redundant off-loading capabilities.
Step Five – Analysing Systemand Assessing Risks
In this step, the defined risk management goals and consequence levels should be compared with the existing system safeguards and protective measures. If the system safeguards meet the risk management goals, the overall risks of an LNG spill would be considered compatible with public safety and property goals. The risk management process should be updated regularly to assess whether changes in threats or threat levels, operations, LNG tanker design or protective measures have impacted the ability of the system safeguards to public health and safety goals.
Step Six – Assessing Risk Prevention and Mitigation Techniques
If the potential hazard distances and levels calculated exceed the consequence levels and risk management goals for the LNG terminal and import operations, enhanced risk mitigation and prevention strategies should be considered. While many of the options listed in Table 4 would be possible for a given site, it might be useful to develop approaches that can be effectively and efficiently implemented and that provide the level of protection, safety and security identified for the LNG operations at each site.
Categories:
LNG
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Gas Processing
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Plant Operations Management
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